Which type of cell produces hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Parietal cells are the specialized cells in the stomach that produce hydrochloric acid (HCl). These cells are located in the gastric glands of the stomach lining and are crucial for several reasons. The hydrochloric acid they secrete plays a vital role in digestion by creating an acidic environment, which is necessary for the activation of digestive enzymes like pepsin. This acidic environment also helps in the breakdown of food particles and provides a defense mechanism against pathogens that may enter the stomach with food.

In addition to HCl, parietal cells are responsible for the secretion of intrinsic factor, which is essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the intestines. This highlights the important dual role of parietal cells in digestion and nutrient absorption. Understanding the functions of these cells is invaluable for gaining insight into digestive health and the overall physiological processes occurring in the gastrointestinal system.