Science Olympiad Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test

Crohn’s Disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which can affect any part of the digestive system from the mouth to the anus. The hallmark of this condition is the presence of inflammation that can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies. The inflammation can extend through the entire thickness of the bowel wall, which distinguishes it from other gastrointestinal disorders.

In contrast, GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) primarily affects the esophagus and is characterized by acid reflux and heartburn rather than inflammation of the intestinal tract. Lactose Intolerance involves the inability to digest lactose, resulting in gastrointestinal discomfort, but it does not involve inflammation of the intestinal tract. Diverticular Disease refers to the formation of small pouches in the colon, which can become inflamed, but it is a separate condition that does not encompass the systemic inflammation characteristic of Crohn's Disease. Hence, the defining feature of Crohn’s Disease is its chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract, making it the correct choice.