What role do interneurons play in the nervous system?

Interneurons serve as vital connectors within the nervous system, primarily linking sensory neurons, which relay information from the body's senses, to motor neurons that execute actions based on that information. By facilitating communication between these two types of neurons, interneurons play a critical role in reflexes and other rapid responses.

For example, when a sensory neuron detects a stimulus, such as touching something hot, it sends that information to an interneuron in the spinal cord. The interneuron then processes this information and quickly sends a signal to a motor neuron, which activates the muscles to withdraw the hand from the hot surface. This rapid processing is essential for reflex actions that help protect the body from harm.

Interneurons themselves do not bring messages to the central nervous system (CNS), carry messages away from it, or initiate nerve impulses. Instead, their primary function is to act as a bridge that facilitates communication within the CNS, ensuring that the body can respond promptly and appropriately to stimuli.