What happens when the varicella-zoster virus reactivates?

The reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus specifically leads to shingles, also known as herpes zoster. This occurs when the dormant virus, which remains in the body after an initial chickenpox infection, becomes active again, typically due to factors such as stress, weakened immune response, or aging.

When it reactivates, the virus travels along nerve pathways, resulting in a painful, blistering rash that often appears on one side of the body or face. The rash usually presents in a band-like distribution following the nerves, along with symptoms like pain, itching, and tingling sensations. This condition is distinct from an initial chickenpox infection, which presents as an itchy rash and is characterized by a systemic spread of the virus.

While forms of dermatitis and flu-like symptoms can occur in various contexts, they do not specifically describe the unique presentation of shingles associated with varicella-zoster virus reactivation. Thus, the key characteristic and correct identification of the outcome when the varicella-zoster virus reactivates is the onset of shingles.