What are the swellings at the synapse that transmit signals to the next neuron's dendrite called?

The swellings at the synapse that transmit signals to the next neuron's dendrite are referred to as axon terminals. These specialized structures are located at the end of an axon and play a critical role in the communication between neurons. When an electrical impulse, or action potential, reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles. These neurotransmitters then cross the synaptic cleft, which is the small gap between the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the receptor sites on the dendrite of the postsynaptic neuron. This transmission process is essential for relay of signals throughout the nervous system and ultimately contributes to functions such as reflexes, movement, mood regulation, and various mental processes.

The correct answer reflects the key anatomical structure responsible for signal transmission in neuronal communication.