What are the folded bulges in the cortex called?

The folded bulges in the cortex are referred to as gyri. These structures are crucial in increasing the surface area of the cerebral cortex, which allows for a greater density of neurons and enhanced cognitive capabilities. Gyri are typically found between the grooves known as sulci, which separate them. The formation of gyri is a result of the complex folding of the brain during development, providing more area for neuronal connections and processing without the brain increasing significantly in size. This folding pattern is characteristic of the human brain and enables the various regions to engage in complex tasks and functions. Understanding gyri is vital for grasping the organization of the brain's architecture and its functionality in tasks such as reasoning, problem-solving, and emotional processing.