Celiac disease is classified as which type of condition?

Celiac disease is classified as an autoimmune disease because it involves an inappropriate immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In individuals with celiac disease, the ingestion of gluten triggers the immune system to attack the small intestinal lining, leading to inflammation and damage to the villi, which are essential for nutrient absorption. This autoimmune reaction is unique to each individual with the condition, as genetic predisposition plays a significant role in its development.

In contrast, infectious diseases are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Metabolic disorders involve problems with the body's metabolism, such as issues with processing specific nutrients or substances. Obstructive disorders typically refer to conditions that impede normal bodily functions, such as blockages in airways or blood vessels. These classifications differ significantly from the immune-mediated nature of celiac disease, underscoring why it is specifically categorized as an autoimmune disease.