Alcohol primarily affects the body as which type of substance?

Alcohol primarily acts as a central nervous system depressant. This means that it slows down brain function and neural activity, leading to a range of effects such as relaxation, reduced inhibitions, impaired judgment, and decreased coordination. The primary mechanism through which alcohol exerts its effects is by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that promotes a calming effect on the brain.

As a depressant, alcohol affects the functioning of the brain in various areas responsible for motor control, cognitive abilities, and emotional regulation, which can result in slurred speech, drowsiness, and difficulties in motor coordination. Understanding this classification is crucial in recognizing the potential risks associated with alcohol consumption, including its effects on decision-making and physical performance.

The other options mentioned refer to different types of substances that can alter nervous system function in various ways, but they do not accurately describe the primary action of alcohol in the body.